PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.